I have seen this mentioned a couple of times so here is a note in case anyone has it again.
Symptom:
Unhandled exception terminated Clarion
Exception thrown:
ICSharpCode.Core.ResourceNotFoundException: Resource not found : string >MainWindow.DialogName<
at ICSharpCode.Core.ResourceService.GetString(String name)
at ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop.Gui.DefaultWorkbench..ctor()
at ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop.Gui.WorkbenchSingleton.InitializeWorkbench()
at ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop.Sda.CallHelper.RunWorkbenchInternal(Object settings)
at ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop.Sda.CallHelper.RunWorkbench(WorkbenchSettings settings)
at ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop.Sda.SharpDevelopHost.RunWorkbench(WorkbenchSettings settings)
at ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop.SharpDevelopMain.RunApplication()
at ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop.SharpDevelopMain.Run(String[] args)
at ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop.SharpDevelopMain.Main(String[] args)
There are (at least) 2 threads on the NG with similar symptoms.
11616 fails at startup
Problem with C10 not starting - again
Possible solution:
Uninstalling Clarion, IMD, IPCLient and IPServer and deleting all directories and then reinstalling works.
It’s a bit of a nuclear option but sometimes starting from scratch is the best idea 
The NG threads talk about issues with the sequence of drivers installing and the installer running some compatibility patches. Also talks about sending XLOG files to Diego
Another thing to try:
Close the IDE and remove any installed 3rd Part addins. Restart the IDE and see if it now works. If it does then contact the addin provider to try and debug.